English old pronoums

Back in the days:

• thou: singular second person
• you: plural second person
• you: (also) formal singular second person

The formal singular ended up being used for informal uses.

Old singular second person:

thou - ðaw - subject thee - ðiy - object for thou (like me to I) thy - ðay - possesive article of thou (like my for me) thine - ðayn - possessive pronoum for thou (like mine for me)

Present simple ads -est or -st

thou walkest (present simple) thou wouldst

thou art (to-be conjugation for thou) thou shalt learn

ye - yi - object form of you, now we use you for that

you was used as the formal second person singular (like spanish vos)

who he (subject) whom him (object) whose his (possesive)

• whom is formal. Nowadays Who is used instead.

  • Whom did you see? (Formal) -> **Who did you see? (Informal)
  • To whom is going to talk? (Formal) -> Who is going to talk to? (Informal, notice the preposition has moved!)
  • With whom did you play? -> Who did you play with?
  • Who loves whom

• Subsentences with quantifiers: Refers to a previous collective mentioned in the phrase

  • all of whom (de los quales todos)
  • both of whom (ambos de ellos)
  • few of whom (pocos de los cuales)
  • some of whom (algunos de los cuales)
  • many of whom (muchos de los cuales)
  • several of whom (varios de los cuales)
  • ...